ປະເທດເອທິໂອປີ
ບົດຄວາມນີ້ໄດ້ຮັບແຈ້ງໃຫ້ປັບປຸງຫຼາຍຂໍ້ ກະລຸນາຊ່ວຍປັບປຸງບົດຄວາມ ຫຼື ສົນທະນາບັນຫາທີ່ໜ້າສົນທະນາ
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ພິກັດພູມສາດ: 9°00′N 38°42′E / 9°N 38.7°E
ເອທິໂອປີ (ອັງກິດ: Ethiopia; ອາມາຣາ: ኢትዮጵያ) ຫຼື ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ສະຫະພັນ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ເອທິໂອປີ (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; ອາມາຣາ: የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ) ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ບໍ່ມີທາງອອກສູ່ທະເລທີ່ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນສ່ວນແຫຼມຂອງທະວີບອາຟຣິກາ (Horn of Africa) ເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນປະເທດທີ່ມີປະຫວັດສາດອັນຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຍາວນານທີ່ສຸດໃນທະວີບນີ້ ໃນຖານະຊາດອິດສະຫຼະ ເອທິໂອປີເປັນປະເທດດຽວໃນອາຟຣິກາທີ່ຍັງຄົງເອກະລາດລະຫວ່າງຍຸກອານານິຄົມໃນອາຟຣິກາ (Scramble for Africa) ແລະ ຍັງຄົງເອກະລາດໄວ້ຈົນເຖິງປີ ຄ.ສ 1936 ເຊິ່ງກອງທັບອິຕາລີໃນສະໄໝຂອງເບນິໂຕ ມຸດໂສລິນີໄດ້ເຂົ້າຍຶດຄອງປະເທດນີ້ ອັງກິດ ແລະ ເອທິໂອປີສະກັດກັ້ນກອງທັບອິຕາລີໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1941 ແຕ່ເອທິໂອປີບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບເອກະລາດໃໝ່ຈົນເຖິງການລົງນາມໃນສົນທິສັນຍາລະຫວ່າງອັງກິດ ກັບ ເອທິໂອປີ (Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement) ເມື່ອເດືອນທັນວາ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1944.
ສະຫະພັນ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ເອທິໂອປີ ຊື່ໃນພາສາລັດຖະການ
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ເມືອງຫຼວງ ແລະ ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ | ອັດດິດສະ ອາບາບາ 9°1′N 38°45′E / 9.017°N 38.750°E | ||||||||||
ພາສາລັດຖະການ | ອະຟາ ອາມາຣາ ໂອໂຣໂມ ໂຊມາລີ ຕິກຣິນຢາ[1][2][3] | ||||||||||
ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າ | |||||||||||
ສາສະໜາ (2016[7]) |
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ການປົກຄອງ | ສະຫະພັນ ສາທາລະນະລັດລະບົບລັດຖະສະພາ[8] | ||||||||||
ຊາເລ ເວີກ ຊິວເດ | |||||||||||
ອາບີ ອາເມັດ | |||||||||||
ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ | ສະມັດຊາລັດຖະສະພາກາງ | ||||||||||
• ສະພາສູງ | ສະພາສະຫະພັນ | ||||||||||
• ສະພາລຸ່ມ | ສະພາຜູ້ແທນລາຊະດອນ | ||||||||||
ການກໍ່ຕັ້ງ | |||||||||||
• ກໍ່ຕັ້ງຈັກກະວັດ | 1270 | ||||||||||
7 ພຶດສະພາ 1769 | |||||||||||
• ລວມປະເທດ | 11 ກຸມພາ 1855 | ||||||||||
• ສູນກາງ | 1904 | ||||||||||
9 ພຶດສະພາ 1936 | |||||||||||
31 ມັງກອນ 1942 | |||||||||||
• ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນການປົກຄອງຂອງຜະເດັດການທະຫານເດຣກ | 12 ກັນຍາ 1974 | ||||||||||
28 ພຶດສະພາ 1991 | |||||||||||
21 ສິງຫາ 1995 | |||||||||||
ພື້ນທີ່ | |||||||||||
• ລວມ | 1,104,300[9] ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (426,400 ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (ອັນດັບ 26) | ||||||||||
0.7 | |||||||||||
ປະຊາກອນ | |||||||||||
• 2021 ປະມານ | 117,876,227[10] (ອັນດັບທີ 12) | ||||||||||
• ສຳມະໂນປະຊາກອນ 2007 | 73,750,932[6] | ||||||||||
92.7 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (240.1 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (ອັນດັບທີ 123) | |||||||||||
GDP (ອຳນາດຊື້) | 2022 (ປະມານ) | ||||||||||
• ລວມ | 401 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ[11] (ອັນດັບທີ 58) | ||||||||||
• ຕໍ່ຫົວ | 3,407 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ[12] | ||||||||||
GDP (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ) | 2022 (ປະມານ) | ||||||||||
• ລວມ | 122.591 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ[12] (ອັນດັບທີ 65) | ||||||||||
• ຕໍ່ຫົວ | 1,040 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ[12] | ||||||||||
ຈີນີ (2015) | 35.0[13] ປານກາງ | ||||||||||
HDI (2019) | 0.485[14] ຕ່ຳ · ອັນດັບທີ 173 | ||||||||||
ສະກຸນເງິນ | Birr (ETB) | ||||||||||
ເຂດເວລາ | UTC+3 (ເວລາອາຟຣິກາຕາເວັນອອກ) | ||||||||||
ຂັບລົດດ້ານ | ຂວາມື | ||||||||||
ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບ | +251 | ||||||||||
ລະຫັດອິນເຕີເນັດ | .et |
ອ້າງອີງ
ດັດແກ້- ↑ "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ↑ "Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Nazret. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ↑ "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages"
- ↑ "Ethiopian Constitution".
- ↑ "Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ↑ "Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- ↑ "Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF).
- ↑ "CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
- ↑ "Ethiopia Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ↑ "GDP, PPP (current international $) - Ethiopia, October 2020". WorldBank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປ
ດັດແກ້- Abir, Mordechai (1968). Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769–1855). London, England: Longmans.
- Beshah, Girma; Aregay, Merid Wolde (1964). The Question of the Union of the Churches in Luso-Ethiopian Relations (1500–1632). Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar and Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos.
- Lyons, Terrence (1996). "Closing the Transition: the May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 34 (1): 121–42. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00055233.
- Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity (PDF). Edinburgh: University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0106-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- Valdes Vivo, Raul (1977). Ethiopia's Revolution. New York, NY: International Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7178-0556-3.
ອ່ານຕື່ມ
ດັດແກ້- Zewde, Bahru (2001). A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991 (2nd ed.). Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1440-8.
- Selassie I., Haile (1999). My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I. Translated by Edward Ullendorff. Chicago: Frontline. ISBN 978-0-948390-40-1.
- Deguefé, Taffara (2006). Minutes of an Ethiopian Century, Shama Books, Addis Ababa, ISBN 99944-0-003-7.
- Hugues Fontaine, Un Train en Afrique. African Train, Centre Français des Études Éthiopiennes / Shama Books. Édition bilingue français / anglais. Traduction : Yves-Marie Stranger. Postface : Jean-Christophe Belliard. Avec des photographies de Matthieu Germain Lambert et Pierre Javelot. Addis Abeba, 2012, ISBN 978-99944-867-1-7. English and French. UN TRAIN EN AFRIQUE
- Henze, Paul B. (2004). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Shama Books. ISBN 978-1-931253-28-4.
- Marcus, Harold G. (1975). The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia, 1844–1913. Oxford: Clarendon. Reprint, Trenton, NJ: Red Sea, 1995. ISBN 1-56902-009-4.
- Marcus, Harold G. (2002). A History of Ethiopia (updated ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22479-7.
- Mauri, Arnaldo (2010). Monetary developments and decolonization in Ethiopia, Acta Universitatis Danubius Œconomica, VI, n. 1/2010, pp. 5–16. Monetary Developments and Decolonization in Ethiopia and WP Monetary developments and decolonization in Ethiopia
- Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; Miller, Joseph (2007). Women and Slavery: Africa, the Indian Ocean world, and the medieval north Atlantic. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1723-2.
- Mockler, Anthony (1984). Haile Selassie's War. New York: Random House. Reprint, New York: Olive Branch, 2003. ISBN 0-902669-53-2.
- Murphy, Dervla (1968). In Ethiopia with a Mule. London: Century, 1984, cop. 1968. N.B.: An account of the author's travels in Ethiopia. 280 p., ill. with a b&w map. ISBN 0-7126-3044-9
- Rubenson, Sven (2003). The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (4th ed.). Hollywood, CA: Tsehai. ISBN 978-0-9723172-7-6.
- Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2003). Encyclopaedia aethiopica, Vol. 1: A–C. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2005). Encyclopaedia aethiopica, Vol. 2: D–Ha. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2007). Encyclopaedia aethiopica, Vol. 3: He–N. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Siegbert Uhlig & Alessandro Bausi, et al. (eds.) (2010). Encyclopaedia aethiopica, Vol. 4: O–X. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Alessandro Bausi & S. Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2014). Encyclopaedia aethiopica, Vol. 5: Y–Z and addenda, corrigenda, overview tables, maps and general index. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- ແມ່ແບບ:Country study
- ແມ່ແບບ:CIA World Factbook
- Keller, Edmond (1991). Revolutionary Ethiopia From Empire to People's Republic. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253206466.
ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ
ດັດແກ້- Ethiopia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- BBC Ethiopia Profile
- World Bank Ethiopia Summary Trade Statistics
- ປະເທດເອທິໂອປີ ທີ່ເວັບໄຊ Curlie
- Key Development Forecasts for Ethiopia from International Futures.
- Ethiopia pages – U.S. Dept. of State (which includes current State Dept. press releases and reports on Ethiopia)