ພາສາທາມິລ

ພາສາທາມິລ ; தமிழ்
:
ສຽງອ່ານ:	[t̪amiɻ] ອອກສຽງ (ວິທີໃຊ້·ຂໍ້ມູນ)
ເວົ້າໃນ:	ອິນເດຍ ແລະ ສີລັງກາ
ພູມິພາກ:	ລັດທາມິລນາດູ (ອິນເດຍ); ແຂວງພາກເໜືອແລະຕະເວັນອອກ (ສີລັງກາ)
ຈຳນວນຜູ້ເວົ້າ:	75 ລ້ານຄົນ
ຕະກູນພາສາ:	ດະລາວີດາ; ໃຕ້; ທາມິລ-ຄັນນາດາ; ທາມິລ-ໂຄດາກູ; ທາມິລ-ມາລາຢາລາມ; ທາມິລ; ພາສາທາມິລ
ລະບົບການຂຽນ:	ທາມິລ (ຕົວອັກສອນພຣາໝີ); ທາມິລ-ພຣາໝີ (ອາດີດ); ຄຣັນຖະ (ອາດີດ); ວັດເຕລູຕູ (ອາດີດ); ປາລາວະ (ອາດີດ); Kolezhuthu (ອາດີດ); ອາຣ໌ວີ ( ອັກສອນໄຮ້ສະ); ອັກສອນເບວລ໌ທາມິລ (Bharati); ລາຕິນ (ບໍ່ທາງການ)
ສະຖານະທາງການ
ພາສາທາງການໃນ:	ອິນເດຍ; ລັດທາມິລນາດູ; ປູຕູເຈຣີ; ສີລັງກາ; ສິງກະໂປ; ອົງກອນ; ອາຊຽນ;
ຜູ້ວາງລະບຽບ:	ບໍ່ມີ
ລະຫັດພາສາ
ISO 639-1:	ta
ISO 639-2:	tam
ISO 639-3:	tam — Modern Tamil
	ໝາຍເຫດ: ບົດຄວາມນີ້ມີສັນຍະລັກສັດທະອັກສອນສາກົນປາກົດຢູ່ ທ່ານອາດຕ້ອງໃຊ້ໄທປ໌ເຟຊທີ່ຮອງຮັບຢູນິໂຄດເພື່ອການສະແດງຜົນທີ່ສົມບູນ.
ສ່ວນນຶ່ງຂອງສາລານຸກົມພາສາ

ພາສາທາມິລ ຫຼື ທາມິລ (ທະມິລ: தமிழ், [Tamiḻ], [t̪amiɻ], ອອກສຽງ (ວິທີໃຊ້·ຂໍ້ມູນ) ) ເປັນ ພາສາດຣາວິດຽນ ຄຣາສສິກທີ່ເວົ້າໂດຍຊາວທາມິລໃນທະວີບອິນເດຍ ແລະ ຊາວມົວສີລັງກາ ພາສາທາມິລເປັນພາສາທາງການໃນລັດທາມິລນາດູຂອງປະເທດອິນເດຍ ສີລັງກາ ແລະສິງກະໂປ^[6]^[4] ແລະ ໃນອານາເຂດຂອງສະຫະພາບ ປູຕູເຈຣີ ພາສານີ້ຍັງເປັນ ພາສາຊົນເຜົ່າສ່ວນນ້ອຍໃນລັດອິນເດຍພາກໃຕ້ 4 ລັດ ຄື ລັດເກຣາລະ, ລັດຄາຣານາຕາກະ, ລັດອັນດຣາ ປະເທດ ແລະລັດເຕລັງຄານາ ອານາເຂດຂອງສະຫະພາບໝູ່ເກາະອັນດາມັນ ແລະ ນິໂກບາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ ຍັງມີຜູ້ເວົ້າເປັນຊາວທາມິລອົບພະຍົບໃນຫຼາຍປະເທດ ເຊັ່ນ: ມາເລເຊຍ, ມຽນມາ, ແອຟຣິກາໃຕ້, ສະຫະຣາຊອານາຈັກ, ອາເມລິກາ, ການາດາ, ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ ແລະ ມໍຣິຕິສ ພາສານີ້ໄດ້ຖືກບັນຈຸເຂົ້າໄປໃນຫນຶ່ງ 22 ພາສາໃນກຳນົດຂອງລັດຖະທໍາມະນູນອິນເດຍ ພາສາທາມິລເປັນພາສາທໍາອິດທີ່ຖືກຈັດປະເພດເປັນພາສາຄຣາສສິກຂອງອິນເດຍ

ພາສາທາມິລເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນພາສາຄຣາສສິກທີ່ຄົງຢູ່ຍາວທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ^[7]^[8]^[9] A. K. Ramanujan ໂດຍອ້າງອີງໃສ່ພາສານີ້ເປັນ "ພາສາດຽວໃນປະເທດອິນເດຍທີ່ທັນສະໄໝທີ່ສືບຕໍ່ຈາກອະດີດ"^[10] ຮູບແບບແລະຄຸນນະພາບຂອງວັນນະຄະດີທາມິລຄລາສສິກໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ມັນຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າ "ໜຶ່ງໃນປະເພນີ ແລະວັນນະຄະດີຄລາສສິກທີ່ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ"^[11] ໂດຍມີການບັນທຶກວັນນະຄະດີທາມິລຫຼາຍກວ່າ 2000 ປີ^[12] Sangam literature ວັນນະຄະດີພາສາທາມິລຍຸກທໍາອິດທີ່ສຸດ ມີອາຍຸ ປ. 300 ປີກ່ອນຄຣິດສັກກະຣາດເຖິງ ຄ.ສ. 300^[13]^[14] ມີວັນນະຄະດີທີ່ເກົ່າແກ່ທີ່ສຸດທີ່ຍັງຫຼົງເຫຼືອຢູ່ໃນຕະກູນພາສາດຣາວິດຽນ^[8] บันทึกຄຳຈາລຶກທໍາອິດທີ່ພົບເຫັນຢູ່ໃນສີລາຈາລຶກ ແລະ ຫີນຂອງວິລະຊົນ ສືບຕົ້ນຕໍປະມານສັດຕະວັດທີ່ 3 ກ່ອນຄຣິດສັດກະຣາດ^[15]^[16] ກົມສໍາຫຼວດໂບຮານຄະດີແຫ່ງອິນເດຍລະບຸວ່າຈາກຈາລຶກທີ່ພົບເຫັນ 100,000 ອັນ ມີ 6,000 ອັນຢູ່ໃນລັດທາມິລນາດູ ແລະ ໃນຈຳນວນນັ້ນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຂຽນດ້ວຍພາສາທາມິລ ໂດຍມີພາສາອື່ນໆ ພຽງປະມານ 5%^[17] ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງໄດ້ພົບເຫັນຈາລຶກພາສາທາມິລທີ່ຂຽນດ້ວຍອັກສອນພຣາໝີໃນປະເທດສີລັງກາ ແລະ ໃນສິນຄ້າທີ່ປະເທດໄທແລະ ປະເທດອີຍິບ^[18]^[19] ເອກະສານຕົວຂຽນທຳອິດທີ່ສຸດສອງອັນຈາກອິນເດຍ^[20]^[21] ທີ່ທາງຄວາມຊົງຈຳຂອງໂລກຂອງຍູເນສໂກໃຫ້ການຍອມຮັບ ແລະ ບັນຈຸໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1997 ແລະ 2005 ຂຽນດ້ວຍພາສາທາມິລ^[22]

ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1578 ມິສຊັນນາຣີ ຊາວປອກຕຸຍການຕີພິມ Thambiran Vanakkam ໜັງສືສວດມົນພາສາທາມິລໃນອັກສອນທາມິລເກົ່າ ເຮັດໃຫ້ພາສາທາມິລເປັນພາສາອິນເດຍທໍາອິດທີ່ມີການພິມ ແລະ ຕີພິມ^[23] Tamil Lexicon ທີ່ຕີພິມໂດຍມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລມານຣາສ ເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນວັດຈະນານຸກົມຮຸ່ນທໍາອິດໃນບັນດາພາສາອິນເດຍ^[24] ຕາມລາຍງານຈາກການສຳຫຼວດໃນ ຄ.ສ. 2001 ມີໜັງສືພິມ 1,863 ສະບັບທີ່ຕີພິມໃນພາສາທາມິລ ໃນຈຳນວນນີ້ມີ 353 ສະບັບທີ່ຕີພິມທຸກມື້^[25]

ອ້າງອີງແກ້ໄຂ

↑ Official languages of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu Government, archived from the original on 21 October 2012, retrieved 1 May 2007
↑ Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014) (PDF), National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India, p. 155, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 ກໍລະກົດ 2016, retrieved 8 ມີຖຸນາ 2017
↑ "Official Languages Policy". languagesdept.gov.lk. Department of Official Languages. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ແມ່ແບບ:Singapore legislation, s7.
↑ Languages of ASEAN, retrieved 7 August 2017
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named languagesdept
↑ "Tamil to be a classical language", The Hindu, 18 September 2004
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Stein, B. (1977), "Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country", The Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1): 7–26, doi:10.2307/2053325, JSTOR 2053325, S2CID 144599197
↑ Steever 1998, pp. 6–9
↑ Zvelebil, Kamil (1973), The Smile of Murugan, BRILL, pp. 11–12, ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1
↑ Hart, George L. "Statement on the Status of Tamil as a Classical Language" Archived 10 ພະຈິກ 2018 at the Wayback Machine, University of California, Berkeley, Department of South Asian Studies – Tamil
↑ Zvelebil 1992, p. 12: "...the most acceptable periodisation which has so far been suggested for the development of Tamil writing seems to me to be that of A Chidambaranatha Chettiar (1907–1967): 1. Sangam Literature – 200BC to AD 200; 2. Post Sangam literature – AD 200 – AD 600; 3. Early Medieval literature – AD 600 to AD 1200; 4. Later Medieval literature – AD 1200 to AD 1800; 5. Pre-Modern literature – AD 1800 to 1900"
↑ Definitive Editions of Ancient Tamil Works. Classical Tamil, Government of India
↑ Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843
↑ Maloney, C. (1970), "The Beginnings of Civilization in South India", The Journal of Asian Studies, 29 (3): 603–616, doi:10.2307/2943246, JSTOR 2943246, S2CID 162291987 at p. 610
↑ Subramaniam, T.S. (29 August 2011), "Palani excavation triggers fresh debate", The Hindu, Chennai, India
↑ "Students get glimpse of heritage", The Hindu, Chennai, India, 22 November 2005, archived from the original on 18 May 2006
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Egypt
↑ Mahadevan, Iravatham (24 June 2010), "An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil", The Hindu, Chennai, India
↑ The I.A.S. Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012
↑ Saiva Manuscript in Pondicherry, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012
↑ Memory of the World Register: India, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012
↑ Karthik Madhavan (2010-06-20), "Tamil saw its first book in 1578", The Hindu
↑ Kolappan, B. (22 June 2014), "Delay, howlers in Tamil Lexicon embarrass scholars", The Hindu, Chennai, retrieved 25 December 2014
↑ India 2001: A Reference Annual 2001. Compiled and edited by Research, Reference and Training Division, Publications Division, New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[TN-2] Official languages of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu Government, archived from the original on 21 October 2012, retrieved 1 May 2007

[3] Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014) (PDF), National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India, p. 155, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 ກໍລະກົດ 2016, retrieved 8 ມີຖຸນາ 2017

[4] "Official Languages Policy". languagesdept.gov.lk. Department of Official Languages. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[statutes.agc.gov.sg-5] 4.0 ^4.1 ແມ່ແບບ:Singapore legislation, s7.

[6] Languages of ASEAN, retrieved 7 August 2017

[languagesdept-7] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named languagesdept

[8] "Tamil to be a classical language", The Hindu, 18 September 2004

[Circulation_and_the_Historical_Geog-9] 8.0 ^8.1 Stein, B. (1977), "Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country", The Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1): 7–26, doi:10.2307/2053325, JSTOR 2053325, S2CID 144599197

[10] Steever 1998, pp. 6–9

[richestClassical-11] Zvelebil, Kamil (1973), The Smile of Murugan, BRILL, pp. 11–12, ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1

[12] Hart, George L. "Statement on the Status of Tamil as a Classical Language" Archived 10 ພະຈິກ 2018 at the Wayback Machine, University of California, Berkeley, Department of South Asian Studies – Tamil

[companion-13] Zvelebil 1992, p. 12: "...the most acceptable periodisation which has so far been suggested for the development of Tamil writing seems to me to be that of A Chidambaranatha Chettiar (1907–1967): 1. Sangam Literature – 200BC to AD 200; 2. Post Sangam literature – AD 200 – AD 600; 3. Early Medieval literature – AD 600 to AD 1200; 4. Later Medieval literature – AD 1200 to AD 1800; 5. Pre-Modern literature – AD 1800 to 1900"

[14] Definitive Editions of Ancient Tamil Works. Classical Tamil, Government of India

[15] Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843

[Maloney1970-16] Maloney, C. (1970), "The Beginnings of Civilization in South India", The Journal of Asian Studies, 29 (3): 603–616, doi:10.2307/2943246, JSTOR 2943246, S2CID 162291987 at p. 610

[Palani-17] Subramaniam, T.S. (29 August 2011), "Palani excavation triggers fresh debate", The Hindu, Chennai, India

[18] "Students get glimpse of heritage", The Hindu, Chennai, India, 22 November 2005, archived from the original on 18 May 2006

[Egypt-19] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Egypt

[Foreign_locations-20] Mahadevan, Iravatham (24 June 2010), "An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil", The Hindu, Chennai, India

[21] The I.A.S. Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012

[22] Saiva Manuscript in Pondicherry, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012

[23] Memory of the World Register: India, UNESCO, retrieved 13 September 2012

[24] Karthik Madhavan (2010-06-20), "Tamil saw its first book in 1578", The Hindu

[25] Kolappan, B. (22 June 2014), "Delay, howlers in Tamil Lexicon embarrass scholars", The Hindu, Chennai, retrieved 25 December 2014

[26] India 2001: A Reference Annual 2001. Compiled and edited by Research, Reference and Training Division, Publications Division, New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

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