ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ອັຟການິສຖານ

ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ອັຟການິສຖານ
د افغانستان ډموکراتيک جمهوريت (Pashto)
ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ອັຟການິສຖານ; د افغانستان ډموکراتيک جمهوريت (Pashto);
	1978–1992
	Top: Flag; (1978–1980); Bottom: Flag; (1987–1992) Top: Emblem; (1978–1980); Bottom: Emblem; (1987–1992)
	ເພງຊາດ: گرم شه, لا گرم شه (Pashto); Garam shah lā garam shah; "ຈົ່ງດຸໝັ່ນ, ດຸໝັ່ນຫຼາຍ"
ສະຖານະ	ລັດດາວທຽມ ຂອງ ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ (until 1991) under Soviet military occupation (1979–1989);
ເມືອງຫຼວງ	ຄາບູລ
ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ	ນະຄອນຫຼວງ
ພາສາລັດຖະການ	Pashto; Dari;
ສາສະໜາ	Islam (official)
ເດມະນິມ	ອັຟການິສຖານ
ການປົກຄອງ	Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic; (1978–1987); Unitary dominant-party presidential republic; (1987–1992)
General Secretary
• 1978–1979	Nur Muhammad Taraki
• 1979	Hafizullah Amin
• 1979–1986	Babrak Karmal
• 1986–1992	Mohammad Najibullah
Head of State
• 1978–1979 (ທຳອິດ)	Nur Muhammad Taraki
• 1987–1992 (ສຸດທ້າຍ)	Mohammad Najibullah
Head of Government
• 1978–1979 (ທຳອິດ)	Nur Muhammad Taraki
• 1990–1992 (ສຸດທ້າຍ)	Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ	Revolutionary Council; (1978–1987); National Assembly; (from 1987)
• ສະພາສູງ	House of Elders; (1988–1992)
• ສະພາລຸ່ມ	House of the People; (1988–1992)
ຍຸກປະຫວັດສາດ	ສົງຄາມເຢັນ
• ການປະຕິວັດ Saur	ວັນທີ 27–28 ເມສາ 1978
• ປະກາດ	30 ເມສາ 1978
• ການແຊກແຊງຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ	ວັນທີ 27 ທັນວາ 1979
• 1987 loya jirga	ວັນທີ 29/30 ພະຈິກ 1987
• ການຖອນຕົວຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ	15 ກຸມພາ 1989
• Fall of Kabul	28 ເມສາ 1992
ປະຊາກອນ
• 1990 ປະມານ	15,900,000
HDI (1992)	0.316; ຕ່ຳ
ສະກຸນເງິນ	Afghani (AFA)
ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບ	93
ກ່ອນໜ້າ	ຖັດໄປ
	Republic of; Afghanistan
Islamic State of; Afghanistan

ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕຂອງອັຟການິສຖານ, ໄດ້ປ່ຽນຊື່ ສາທາລະນະຂອງອັຟການິສຖານ ໃນປີ 1987, ເປັນລັດອາຟການິສຖານໃນລະຫວ່າງ ການປົກຄອງພັກດຽວ ຂອງ ພັກປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນອັຟການິສຖານ ຈາກ 1978 ຫາ 1992 . ມັນເພິ່ງພາອາໄສການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກ ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ ເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່, ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນ ສົງຄາມໂຊວຽດ-ອັຟການິສຖານ.

ອ້າງອີງ

↑ Azmi, Muhammad R. (Spring 1986). "Soviet Politico-Military Penetration in Afghanistan, 1955 to 1979". Armed Forces & Society. Sage Publishing. 12 (3): 343, 344. doi:10.1177/0095327X8601200301. JSTOR 45304853 – via JSTOR.
↑ Amstutz, J. Bruce (1 July 1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing. pp. 52, 59, 190, 343. ISBN 9780788111112.
↑ Hussain, Rizwan. "Socialism and Islam". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 December 2021 – via Oxford Islamic Studies Online. The leaders of the DRA emphasized the similarity between Islam and socialism and retained Islam as the state religion.
↑
Sources describing the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as a Marxist-Leninist state:
- Roy, Olivier (2018). "3: The Sovietization of Afghanistan". In Hauner, Milan; L. Canfield, Robert (eds.). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union: Collision and Transformation. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-367-01216-8.
- Cordovez, Deigo; S. Harrison, Selig (1995). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-19-506294-9.
- Girardet, Edward (2011). "Introduction". Afghanistan: The Soviet war. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-68480-4.
↑ Freedom in the World 1990–1991 Freedom House

[1] Azmi, Muhammad R. (Spring 1986). "Soviet Politico-Military Penetration in Afghanistan, 1955 to 1979". Armed Forces & Society. Sage Publishing. 12 (3): 343, 344. doi:10.1177/0095327X8601200301. JSTOR 45304853 – via JSTOR.

[2] Amstutz, J. Bruce (1 July 1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing. pp. 52, 59, 190, 343. ISBN 9780788111112.

[3] Hussain, Rizwan. "Socialism and Islam". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 December 2021 – via Oxford Islamic Studies Online. The leaders of the DRA emphasized the similarity between Islam and socialism and retained Islam as the state religion.

[4] Sources describing the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as a Marxist-Leninist state:
Roy, Olivier (2018). "3: The Sovietization of Afghanistan". In Hauner, Milan; L. Canfield, Robert (eds.). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union: Collision and Transformation. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-367-01216-8.

Cordovez, Deigo; S. Harrison, Selig (1995). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-19-506294-9.

Girardet, Edward (2011). "Introduction". Afghanistan: The Soviet war. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-68480-4.

[5] Roy, Olivier (2018). "3: The Sovietization of Afghanistan". In Hauner, Milan; L. Canfield, Robert (eds.). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union: Collision and Transformation. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-367-01216-8.

[6] Cordovez, Deigo; S. Harrison, Selig (1995). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-19-506294-9.

[7] Girardet, Edward (2011). "Introduction". Afghanistan: The Soviet war. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-68480-4.

[5] Freedom in the World 1990–1991 Freedom House

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